The Keynesian Theory and the Great Depression free essay sample

An investigation of the speculations of financial specialist John Maynard Keynes and their associations with the Great Depression. The paper talks about the speculations of John Maynard Keynes who is known as the dad of present day financial aspects. He was the principal financial analyst who absolutely depicted a portion of the causes and solutions for downturns and dejections. The paper investigates a portion of the impacts his speculations had on the Great Depression, for example, the Employment Act and the Council of Economic Advisors. It likewise shows the impacts of his hypotheses on World War II and gives a course of events to the Great Depression. In this manner, as indicated by Keynes, the arrangement that he purchased through his hypothesis was for the administration to goose up its spending in any capacity it can either by printing cash, cutting duties, or expanding spending itself. He had confidence in gracefully and request, which was a backhanded method to let the economy balance itself. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Keynesian Theory and the Great Depression or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In his hypothesis he not just persuaded that so as to work for this framework to work individuals required cash, which must be finished by making occupations. He further accepted that so as to decrease joblessness the administration expected to build the all out interest, which is the aggregate sum of products being requested.

Why Abortion Should Be Illegal an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Why Abortion Should Be Illegal A premature birth is the evacuation or removal of an undeveloped organism or baby from the uterus, coming about in, or brought about by, its passing (Abortion). Most ladies who need to dispose of their unborn youngster pick fetus removal as a break from pregnancy. In the United States of America, ladies choose to end about 25% of their pregnancies through premature birth (Overview of Abortion). They accept that by having a fetus removal they could get rid of the difficulty of experiencing pregnancy, and in the long run bringing up a youngster. There are a great deal of reasons why premature birth is depended on and the issue of fetus removal has caused the endless discussion between the expert lifers and the genius choicers. The previous, as the people who need to end premature birth as it is an explicit dismissal of the baby right to life. I am one of the ace lifers, and I do accept that premature birth ought to be illicit. Need article test on Why Abortion Should Be Illegal point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab support: I would prefer not to compose 2 page training article today around evening time We OfferA Top-Quality Academic Essay Step by step instructions to Write A College PaperHow To Write A Research PaperBuy 1000 Word EssayPay For Papers WrittenCollege Papers For SalePaper Writers For HireCoursework Writing ServiceCustom Essay Writing Service It has been said that during the Roman occasions, fetus removal and the decimation of undesirable youngsters was admissible, however as out progress has matured, it appears that such demonstrations were not, at this point worthy by levelheaded people, so that in 1948, Canada alongside most different countries on the planet marked an affirmation of the United Nations promising each individual the privilege to life (The Abortion Debate). Along these lines, it is surprising that most nations everywhere throughout the globe despite everything consider fetus removal as legitimate having as premise the choice of the United States Supreme Court in Roe versus Swim (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). The case included a pregnant lady who initiated an activity investigating the defendability of the Texas fetus removal laws, which forbids any premature birth put something aside for cases where the equivalent is important to spare the pregnant womans life (Major Laws Concerning Abortion). I accept, be that a s it may, that the thinking of the Court for this situation isn't sensible. Obviously, the worry is on the womans exercise of her entitlement to choose while the privilege of the kid or the hatchling is being ignored, if not overlooked. It must be borne as a primary concern that bearing kids is the characteristic aftereffect of sex under great conditions, it isn't constrained upon ladies by the United States government (9 Reasons). So likewise, it is imperative that this driving case supporting fetus removal isn't without defects. The Supreme Court's choices in Roe and Doe didn't address various significant fetus removal related issues which have been raised along these lines by state activities trying to limit the extent of the Court's decisions. These incorporate the issues of educated assent, spousal assent, parental assent, and announcing prerequisites (Capital Punishment). I accept that the life of the lady isn't, and ought not be the sole concern. The life of the child should likewise be thought of. Along with other Pro-lifers, I am of the assessment that at origination, a human existence with its own remarkable DNA appears (An Overview). Life starts as ahead of schedule as origination, and as right on time as that time, the existence should as of now be secured. This is the stand taken by us, master lifers and we bolster our fight against premature birth by saying that human personhood starts at the moment of origination and since fetus removal has for its motivation, the end of the life of the hatchling, at that point every fetus removal is a type of homicide (An Overview). Along these lines, despite the fact that there is a need of ensuring the privileges of the lady as respects her choice of falling back on premature birth, the life of the considered youngster should likewise be agreed sufficient security. This must be finished by depicting the pr ocedure of premature birth as illicit. As referenced before, there are a great deal of reasons why ladies think about experiencing the procedure of premature birth. As a rule, the greater part of these reasons are similar ones that legitimize the legitimateness of premature birth. The more famous reasons are assault, spontaneous pregnancy and inbreeding. Be that as it may, it must be borne as a primary concern that paying little heed to the reality of such reasons, they can't be considered as adequate so as to approve the conscious negligence of the embryo right to life. In an article, it was effectively expressed that assault and inbreeding are deficient purposes behind thinking about a premature birth, thus:pregnancy coming about because of assault or interbreeding is a disaster. Assault is a terrible wrongdoing, however no normal thinking can put the scarcest fault on the unborn kid it may deliver. Inbreeding is, if that is conceivable, far more terrible, yet for a considerable length of time, customary Jewish law has plainly expressed, that if a dad sins against his little girl (interbreeding) that doesn't legitimize a subsequent wrongdoing - the premature birth of the result of that transgression (The Abortion Debate). So likewise, spontaneous pregnancy ought not be considered as a reason for choosing to have a fetus removal. In the event that wrongdoings like assault and inbreeding are not considered by expert lifers as persuading purposes behind legitimizing appropriation, at that point even more should pregnancies coming about for flawed dynamic be not considered as legitimate explanations behind fetus removal. As expressed in another article. The demonstration which will stop premature birth is the demonstration of settling on the choice to be increasingly cautious in regards to sexual action and to be liable for the outcomes of sexual movement, including the result of an undesirable pregnancy. No country focused on singular freedom could genuinely consider the discount murder of defenseless children with little worry for the worry for the prosperity of the infants. Ladies aren't compelled to hold up under kids, they decide to shoulder youngsters by the demonstration of having sex. (9 Reasons) Therefore, inconsiderateness as respects sexual action involves obligation. The consequence of a flawed choice dynamic can't be killed just by choosing to have a premature birth. I accept that so as to show obligation as respects sexuality movement, at that point premature birth ought to be illicit. Else, it will just irritate unreliability towards sexual movement since there will consistently be a simple way out of each impromptu pregnancy. Another motivation behind why I accept premature birth ought to be illicit is on the grounds that it doesn't just talk about antagonistic impacts to the life of the kid yet in addition to the wellbeing and prosperity of the lady who has experienced a fetus removal. It is because of the absence of instruction and data about premature birth that ladies who resort to fetus removal don't have the foggiest idea what fetus removal could do to their bodies (Kuroda 1996). So additionally, experiencing the procedure of fetus removal could achieve enthusiastic wretchedness. Ladies, who need to dispose of their unborn youngster, make hurried decisionsresorting to abortionwithout in any event, having benefited of data as respects the potential results of the procedure of premature birth. The pitiful part is that these results are negative and troublesome. The unfriendly impacts realized by premature birth to the wellbeing of the lady are reason enough to strike down fetus removal as illicit. Fruitlessness is considered as one of the potential impacts of having a fetus removal. It is consequently conceivable that after a fetus removal, the lady could no longer bear a kid. Dr. Stipal, Czechoslovakia's Deputy Minister of Health expresses that generally 25% of the ladies who intrude on their first pregnancy have remained for all time childless (qtd. in Do Abortions Cause Infertility?). Along these lines, the pregnancy ended by the lady through the procedure of premature birth could be her lone pregnancy. As accurately expressed, in prematurely ending a multi year old this yearwith supposed educated assent, we might be keeping her from having even 1 or 2 kids 10 years after the fact when joyfully wedded (The Abortion Debate). I accept that this sort of risk presented on the wellbeing of the lady is reason enough to consider fetus removal a s illegal.The harming results of premature birth are not restricted to the physical prosperity of the lady yet additionally to her enthusiastic prosperity. Various feelings can be felt by the lady who is experiencing the choice of whether to have a premature birth or not. Really, premature birth isn't a simple choice to settle on, and during the time spent dynamic, a great deal of feelings might be experienced by the lady. The harm is brought about by the way that no positive feeling can be realized by the choice to think about a selection. As expressed in an article. Some star life bunches presume that an enormous level of ladies who have experienced a premature birth; experience genuine misery, and huge sentiments of blame. This has been designated Post-horrendous fetus removal disorder, Post premature birth condition, Post-premature birth pressure disorder, PAS, and PASS. (Post Abortion Syndrome) There is no sureness concerning to what extent the lady who had a fetus removal would remain discouraged. I additionally accept that there is even a likelihood that the downturn and liable inclination achieved by fetus removal will never leave. The psychological and enthusiastic injury brought about by fetus removal is another of my reasons why it is nevertheless legitimate to think about premature birth as illicit. In aggregate, it is my accommodation that the negative impacts brought about by premature birth requires the State to meddle and think about fetus removal as illicit. The security of the womans option to pick fetus removal can't supersede the privilege of a kid to life. In premature birth, the lady is included as well as the baby as well. I accept that even the unborn youngster is qualified for assurance under the law. So additionally, an unsound choice as respects sexual movement isn't reason enough to kill an unbornchild, whose life is as of now qualified for security. The flippancy towards sexual action ought not go on without serious consequences. In all actuality the negative impacts o

How Can I Be More Assertive When I Have Social Anxiety

How Can I Be More Assertive When I Have Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How Can I Be More Assertive When I Have Social Anxiety? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 11, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 24, 2018 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Become assertive to overcome social anxiety. Getty / Tim Robberts People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often struggle with being assertive. Being upfront about your feelings and sharing them with others feels hard, to the point that you would just rather keep them to yourself. The problem is, people cant read your mind, so you will often find your needs going unmet. What is Assertive Communication? Assertive communication... is the straightforward and open expression of your needs, desires, thoughts and feelings.involves advocating for your own needs while still considering and respecting the needs of others.involves the use of I statements, such as I need some help preparing dinner for our guests this evening.is a way of making sure your needs are met while still considering the needs of others. Being Assertive When You Have SAD If you live with social anxiety disorder, communicating assertively may feel uncomfortable at first. You have probably  adopted a passive communication style that enables you to avoid conflict but leaves you feeling anxious, depressed, and helpless, and causes frustration and discomfort to those around you. Learning to communicate assertively is not selfish, but rather an effective way of negotiating social encounters. You may have misconceptions about what it means to be assertive. People who communicate assertively are not pushy or obnoxiousdo not step on the feelings of others to get what they want, as is the case with aggressive communication Instead, assertive communication involves expressing your feelings, needs and desires in a nonjudgmental and nonthreatening way. Assertive communication can also be considered helpful to others, because you are giving clear information about what you need to be satisfied. By doing so in a nonthreatening manner, you  give others the opportunity to refuse your requests if your needs conflict with their needs. The Importance of Being Assertive Still not sure if assertive communication is the way to go? Consider that most of your daily encounters will be with people who are communicating and behaving assertively. They are telling you what they need from you and expecting you to refuse if their needs conflict with yours. If a request is too large or too difficult, it is up to you to communicate why you cant comply. By the same token, others expect you to tell them what you need. Instead of expecting others to read your mind, or hoping that they will guess what you want, you need to be clear, honest and open about your needs. How to Become More Assertive Assertive statements generally begin with the word I and directly express what you are thinking or feeling. Notice that being assertive does not mean stepping on the toes of others or berating them. The goal of being assertive is to negotiate social situations in a way that benefits everyone. Some examples of assertive statements: I enjoyed talking with you.I like to watch horror movies.I feel hurt that you talked about me behind my back.I know that the children come first, but I feel sad that we dont spend any time alone. To speak assertively, put these pieces of the sentence together: Start with the word I.Add a verb that describes what you are feeling (like, dislike, want, need, feel, love, hate, wish...)And finish the sentence to describe what it is that you are feeling (I wish you would spend more time with me, I am feeling very lonely). Tip: Keep you out of the sentence, keep your emotions under control, and just share what you are feeling. Try it again: I.. cant... help you with that task because my calendar is full. See, it doesnt have to be overly thought out or complicated. Its about being direct and expressing your needs. Once you start to do it regularly, it will feel more natural. Its especially important for you to learn how to say no, as this can be an area in which those with social anxiety struggle. Assertive Nonverbal Behavior In addition to what you say, your nonverbal communication can also be passive, assertive, or aggressive. Read each of the following passages and see if you see the difference. Jane keeps quiet and hopes everyone will guess what she wants. She speaks hesitantly with a weak voice, and gives up easily. She tends to look down or away, has poor posture, and keeps her head down. She fidgets a lot and nods in agreement no matter what is said. Julie pays close attention to what is said around her, speaks with a strong relaxed voice, makes good eye contact, and stands up straight. She expresses concern and seeks out fairness in situations. Jack is sarcastic and comes across like a know-it-all. He needs to win at all costs, speaks loudly, and stares at people. He tends to stand with his feet apart and his hands on his hips. He also likes to point  his finger and move abruptly. Your goal should be to emulate the second styleâ€"that of Julieâ€"which reflects asserttive nonverbal behavior. A Word From Verywell The next time that you are feeling angry or resentful, consider how you are communicating. By learning to be more assertive, you will reduce anxiety and improve your relationships with others. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Illegal Immigration And The United States - 1589 Words

Between the years of 1950-1995, why were so many illegal immigrants crossing the American borders and how did they affect America? Part A: This investigation will be looking into the lifestyles that illegal immigrants had between the years of 1950 and 1995 once they had crossed the US border. I will also be investigating how they affected the US. It is important to know because it will make people become more aware of how serious immigration can be to America. I will be examining the number of terrorist acts that have happened, the number of immigrants that have attempted to get to the United States and the type of lifestyles they had. I will also look into the religions these immigrants were, the jobs and places they stayed once they get to America and their health conditions. I will be examining how American citizens felt towards illegal immigration and the crimes they brought with them. Part B: †¢ Illegal Immigration by Debra A. Miller In this source, I discovered that most illegal immigrants were from Latin countries. Immigrants came to America to get a better job and a better life for their self. Most immigrants were poor and uneducated adults who worked small jobs. Many people were concerned about illegal immigrants. In this source, I also discovered that many people who were illegal immigrants were from Mexico and they often committed burglary, drug offenses, and theft. †¢ Issues in Immigration by Stephen Currie In this source, I discovered that largeShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration And The United States1573 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion illegal immigrants currently residing in the United States furthermore, for the United States economy. The correctional prerequisites against migrants were added to enactment to protect it from feedback that acquittal is absolution without outcome. Immigration makes a difference among everybody, and Congress ought to be doing everything in its energy to make it as simple as feasible for settlers to live and work lawfully what s more, openly in the United States. The United States is knownRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1315 Words   |  6 PagesFor ages, the United States has seemed to be the country where people seek to move to for a better life. The United States was built on immigrants. People have always migrated to the United States both legally and illegally. The main problem the country has face with immigrants is the amount that trespass the border illegally. Illegal immigration is the unlawful act of crossing a national border(Illegal Immigration Pros and Cons). The illegal immigrant population keeps growing at an annual averageRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States969 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican businessman, politician, television personality, and author, is the presumptive of the y for president of the United States in 2016having won the most state primaries and caucuses and delegates to the 2016 Republican National Convention. Trump’s positions in opposition to illegal immigration, various free trade agreements that he believes are unfair, and most military interventionism have earned him particular support among blue-collar voters and voters without college degrees. Many of hisRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1486 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been an issue in the United States for a long time so the issues that come with it should not be a surprise. America was established on the basis of newcomers settling here from abroad. Recently though, thousands of illegal immigrants have come into the U.S. through either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico which has created a new an unanticipated issue for the U.S., in the past immigrants came from Europe and passed through the Ellis Island stationRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States1805 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal immigration is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. Some c ountries have millions of illegal immigrants. Immigration, including illegal immigration, is overwhelmingly upward, from a poorer to a richer country. The easy definition of an undocumented immigrant is someone who was not born in the United States and therefore has no legal right to be or remain in the United States. Not all undocumented immigrantsRead MoreIllegal Immigration : The United States1876 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration Due to the economic benefits of immigrant labor, the dangers of central American countries, and the basic human rights of noncitizens, the US government must grant amnesty to undocumented immigrants. Illegal immigration has become a rising issue in the US over the past few years, and it will continue to heat up coming into this year s presidential election. This issue is also very present in the local community due to it’s diversity and large Hispanic population. GenerallyRead MoreIllegal Immigration in the United States1864 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration In The United States: A Controversial Debate Illegal immigration is an on-going issue, which is of much importance in the United States today. It has been overlooked for many years, however it has reached a point where it can no longer be ignored. Most of the illegal immigrants, 54% to be exact, come through the Mexican border. (Hayes 5) Since the early 1980’s, the number of illegal Mexican immigrants has risen at an incredible rate, causing the United States government to takeRead MoreIllegal Immigration in the United States Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesIllegal Immigration in the United States Illegal Immigration in the United States The United States (US) has always been viewed as the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. This being the case people have been fighting their way into the country for decades. However, it is becoming more and more of a problem each decade that passes. With the United States border being so close to Mexico it is now seeing the highest population of illegal immigrants toRead MoreDeportation: Immigration to the United States and Illegal Alien2373 Words   |  10 Pagesadvance because of the way the immigration process works. However, one thing we all had in mind, was to see the light of a different country, see different faces and hopefully find ways to stay. Once the airplane took off, words was already spread all over the office of Haiti air in Florida that the airplane left Haiti with more than 30 Haitian illegal on board. The first few 2 hours spent at the arrival office was like a discovery of a new world for every single illegal in that group. This was oneRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Immigration In The United States1091 Words   |  5 Pagesarrest persons for immigration enforcement purposes. (De Leon, K) The new legislation, created by California Senate President Kevin de Leon, officially makes the state of California a â€Å"sanctuary state†. Previously, de Leon determined that Donald Trump is a racist because of his positions on immigration; most notably, Trump’s attempt to defund cities that considered themselves sanctuaries. In a debate that is becoming increasingly more polarized, Brown sought to protect illegal immigrants against

Nike s Code Of Ethics Essay - 1506 Words

Nike first began it success four decades ago, but in the process has violated multiple laws in order to gain profit. Nike has had so many business dilemmas including issues such as, their Code of ethics, exercised social responsibility, global impact, and their ability to conduct sustainable businesses world-wide. There are a multitude of advantages disadvantages of the Nike Corporation. Furthermore, there are multiple ways Nike can overcome their financial crises as a company. The Nike Corporation, as a whole, has a lot of positive insight on how to analysis the business. However there are negatives regarding the corporation’s code of ethics. Nike’s billion dollar corporation has been under a lot of scrutiny and investigation throughout the Asian pacific. Countries such as Indonesia, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and other major countries, have been victimized, particularly for unlawful abuse against young women. Nike has abused the rights of Asian employees through low wages and unsafe working conditions. Nike is also under investigation for sweatshops along with the malicious abuse that occurs within them. According to 15 minutes women ages 18 through 24 are being beaten to death. They are forced to work around hot chemicals without being provided protective gear. Women are not just suffering mentally, but physically and Nike in America has made it clear through vice president Hannah Jones, who quoted,† Recycle, reduce, reuse.â €  Her statement makes it clear, inShow MoreRelatedNike s Code Of Ethics1842 Words   |  8 PagesNike is by far the number one sports brand for shoes and apparel in the world today. With an estimated 30.6 billion dollars made in 2015 and an estimated 32.4 billion dollars to made in 2016, business is going to keep increasing. Nike is a company that always wants to be the best in everything they do. Whether thats the sales they produce, or the athletes they recruit to represent their product. The code of ethics is what separates them from the rest of the pack and allows them to be the best atRead MoreEthical Implications of Expanding Business Abroad: Nike Case Study1241 Words   |  5 Pages1. The leadership at Nike initially failed to consider the ethical implication of extending their business abroad and primarily focused on the profits generated by the enterprise. If the company were to concentrate of the idea of integrity when deciding to build factories abroad it would have certainly experienced better results when considering its general image. Such an act would have most certainly prevented complication from arising and would have emphasized that Nike is generally concerned withRead MoreEthics, Intellectual Property, And Piracy1379 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal and business ethics in an ever-expanding technological world are challenged in many different ways. Multiple communication methods and the availability of the Internet have made a large world much smaller in the context of information sharing, so the importance of understanding and utilizing measures to protect intellectual property and copyrights is vital to business success, ethical understanding and acceptance. In the following, I will specifically discuss the concepts of copyright, intellectualRead MoreNike CSR Analysis1581 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ CSR Analysis and Impact on Operations Nike has a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that includes its commitment to the environment and is a signatory of the UN Global Compact. Nike has created a team of sustainability managers led by an independent director. Its environmental goals include producing eco-friendly products and minimizing its environmental impact through the reduction of greenhouse gases, organic solvents and PVCs. Nike acknowledges the difficulty of tracking environmentalRead MoreCorporate Governance of Nike1748 Words   |  7 Pagesits capital is a corporation. There are also non-profit corporations organized for religious, educational, charitable or public service purposes. One of the corporations are the â€Å"Nike, Inc† which in other words can be said a company. And what here will be discussed the process how a corporate body that is Nike governs, ethic of it and the corporate responsibility of it upon the business world and balance of interest of the stakeholders such as Government, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, Creditors,Read More Nike Sweat Shops Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesNike Sweat Shops I am writing this letter to express my concerns over Nikes labor practices in Asia. There has been much debate and controversy recently concerning Nikes Asian labor practices. It is very difficult to determine which side of the argument to defend, as both acknowledge the problems yet put a completely different spin on the facts. I will try to show that Nike has created a cloud of smoke in Asia that the public cannot see through. Nike does not own any of the factories thatRead MoreUnethical Business Practice: Nike1499 Words   |  6 Pages The role of the government also plays a major role in these challenges that are faced by Nike. As we know that government laws and regulations differ from country to country and this makes manufacturing of products very difficult challenge for the international companies like Nike. The host governments have laws concerns against consumer protection, information and labeling, employment, wages and salaries and safety of the workers who work in those firms. The international organizations must keepRead MoreEssay Nike- Ethical Issues1454 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis: Nike Introduction Nike was established in 1972 by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. These two men were visionaries. The goal for Nike was to carry on Bowerman’s legacy of innovative thinking by helping every athlete reach their goal or by creating lucrative business opportunities that would set the company apart from any competition. This included providing quality work environments for all who were employed by Nike. Read MoreEssay on Nike: Moving Beyond Sweatshops1779 Words   |  8 PagesNike Inc takes pride in being an ethical company. Nike places their responsibility to their stakeholders, internal and external, at the top of their priority list. They expend great of time, money, and resources to ensure that they are fulfilling their ethical duty, and achieving the highest standards of ethical responsibility. Because of Nike’s efforts to maintain their ethical integrity, Nike is a good corporate citizen. Nike’s motto says that Nike Inc was founded on a handshake. Their goalRead MoreThe Contemporary Challenges Of Outsourcing1244 Words   |  5 PagesM.P.A Contemporary Challenge Essay Outsourcing â€Å"Outsourcing is the transfer of control of a process or product to an outside supplier†(Hasan). For this assignment, please identify a contemporary management challenge (e.g. diversity, globalism, ethics social responsibility, etc.). Then, identify a company or organization that you believe has been impacted by this contemporary challenge. Write a minimum four-page paper, with a cover page, and works cited page (in addition to the four-page minimum)

Deception Point Page 108 Free Essays

Exhausted, Tolland looked up at the underbelly of the thundering tilt-rotor airplane. Deafening gusts pounded down off its horizontal propellers. As Rachel rose on a cable, numerous sets of hands pulled her into the fuselage. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 108 or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Tolland watched her dragged to safety, his eyes spotted a familiar man crouched half-naked in the doorway. Corky? Tolland’s heart soared. You’re alive! Immediately, the harness fell from the sky again. It landed ten feet away. Tolland wanted to swim for it, but he could already feel the sucking sensation of the plume. The relentless grip of the sea wrapped around him, refusing to let go. The current pulled him under. He fought toward the surface, but the exhaustion was overwhelming. You’re a survivor, someone was saying. He kicked his legs, clawing toward the surface. When he broke through into the pounding wind, the harness was still out of reach. The current strained to drag him under. Looking up into the torrent of swirling wind and noise, Tolland saw Rachel. She was staring down, her eyes willing him up toward her. It took Tolland four powerful strokes to reach the harness. With his last ounce of strength, he slid his arm and head up into the loop and collapsed. All at once the ocean was falling away beneath him. Tolland looked down just as the gaping vortex opened. The megaplume had finally reached the surface. William Pickering stood on the bridge of the Goya and watched in dumbstruck awe as the spectacle unfolded all around him. Off the starboard of the Goya’s stern, a huge basinlike depression was forming on the surface of the sea. The whirlpool was hundreds of yards across and expanding fast. The ocean spiraled into it, racing with an eerie smoothness over the lip. All around him now, a guttural moan reverberated out of the depths. Pickering’s mind was blank as he watched the hole expanding toward him like the gaping mouth of some epic god hungry for sacrifice. I’m dreaming, Pickering thought. Suddenly, with an explosive hiss that shattered the windows of the Goya’s bridge, a towering plume of steam erupted skyward out of the vortex. A colossal geyser climbed overhead, thundering, its apex disappearing into the darkened sky. Instantly, the funnel walls steepened, the perimeter expanding faster now, chewing across the ocean toward him. The stern of the Goya swung hard toward the expanding cavity. Pickering lost his balance and fell to his knees. Like a child before God, he gazed downward into the growing abyss. His final thoughts were for his daughter, Diana. He prayed she had not known fear like this when she died. The concussion wave from the escaping steam hurled the Osprey sideways. Tolland and Rachel held each other as the pilots recovered, banking low over the doomed Goya. Looking out, they could see William Pickering-the Quaker-kneeling in his black coat and tie at the upper railing of the doomed ship. As the stern fishtailed out over the brink of the massive twister, the anchor cable finally snapped. With its bow proudly in the air, the Goya slipped backward over the watery ledge, sucked down the steep spiraling wall of water. Her lights were still glowing as she disappeared beneath the sea. 131 The Washington morning was clear and crisp. A breeze sent eddies of leaves skittering around the base of the Washington Monument. The world’s largest obelisk usually awoke to its own peaceful image in the reflecting pool, but today the morning brought with it a chaos of jostling reporters, all crowding around the monument’s base in anticipation. Senator Sedgewick Sexton felt larger than Washington itself as he stepped from his limousine and strode like a lion toward the press area awaiting him at the base of the monument. He had invited the nation’s ten largest media networks here and promised them the scandal of the decade. Nothing brings out the vultures like the smell of death, Sexton thought. In his hand, Sexton clutched the stack of white linen envelopes, each elegantly wax-embossed with his monogrammed seal. If information was power, then Sexton was carrying a nuclear warhead. He felt intoxicated as he approached the podium, pleased to see his improvised stage included two â€Å"fameframes†-large, free-standing partitions that flanked his podium like navy-blue curtains-an old Ronald Reagan trick to ensure he stood out against any backdrop. Sexton entered stage right, striding out from behind the partition like an actor out of the wings. The reporters quickly took their seats in the several rows of folding chairs facing his podium. To the east, the sun was just breaking over the Capitol dome, shooting rays of pink and gold down on Sexton like rays from heaven. A perfect day to become the most powerful man in the world. â€Å"Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,† Sexton said, laying the envelopes on the lectern before him. â€Å"I will make this as short and painless as possible. The information I am about to share with you is, frankly, quite disturbing. These envelopes contain proof of a deceit at the highest levels of government. I am ashamed to say that the President called me half an hour ago and begged me-yes, begged me-not to go public with this evidence.† He shook his head with dismay. â€Å"And yet, I am a man who believes in the truth. No matter how painful.† Sexton paused, holding up the envelopes, tempting the seated crowd. The reporters’ eyes followed the envelopes back and forth, a pack of dogs salivating over some unknown delicacy. The President had called Sexton a half hour ago and explained everything. Herney had talked to Rachel, who was safely aboard a plane somewhere. Incredibly, it seemed the White House and NASA were innocent bystanders in this fiasco, a plot masterminded by William Pickering. Not that it matters, Sexton thought. Zach Herney is still going down hard. Sexton wished he could be a fly on the wall of the White House right now to see the President’s face when he realized Sexton was going public. Sexton had agreed to meet Herney at the White House right now to discuss how best to tell the nation the truth about the meteorite. Herney was probably standing in front of a television at this very moment in dumbfounded shock, realizing that there was nothing the White House could do to stop the hand of fate. â€Å"My friends,† Sexton said, letting his eyes connect with the crowd. â€Å"I have weighed this heavily. I have considered honoring the President’s desire to keep this data secret, but I must do what is in my heart.† Sexton sighed, hanging his head like a man trapped by history. â€Å"The truth is the truth. I will not presume to color your interpretation of these facts in any way. I will simply give you the data at face value.† In the distance, Sexton heard the beating of huge helicopter rotors. For a moment, he wondered if maybe the President were flying over from the White House in a panic, hoping to halt the press conference. That would be the icing on the cake, Sexton thought mirthfully. How guilty would Herney appear THEN? â€Å"I do not take pleasure in doing this,† Sexton continued, sensing his timing was perfect. â€Å"But I feel it is my duty to let the American people know they have been lied to.† The aircraft thundered in, touching down on the esplanade to their right. When Sexton glanced over, he was surprised to see it was not the presidential helicopter after all, but rather a large Osprey tilt-rotor airplane. The fuselage read: United States Coast Guard Baffled, Sexton watched as the cabin door opened and a woman emerged. She wore an orange Coast Guard parka and looked disheveled, like she’d been through a war. She strode toward the press area. For a moment, Sexton didn’t recognize her. Then it hit him. Rachel? He gaped in shock. What the hell is SHE doing here? A murmur of confusion went through the crowd. Pasting a broad smile on his face, Sexton turned back to the press and raised an apologetic finger. â€Å"If you could give me just one minute? I’m terribly sorry.† He heaved the weary, good-natured sigh. â€Å"Family first.† How to cite Deception Point Page 108, Essay examples

Law of Contract Obligations

Question: Discuss about the Law of Contract Obligations. Answer: Introduction: According to a promise made by Jane, she's going to give her sports car to Jack. But in return, no consideration is being provided by Jack to support this promise. In this way, the issue is with the effect of lack of consideration on the validity of a contract. According to the contract law, there are certain elements that should be present in the agreement which make the agreement enforceable by the law and results in the creation of a valid contract (Atiyah, 1995). Therefore, offer, acceptance, consideration along with intention and capacity is the element that makes an agreement legally enforceable. But in this case, Jane had made a promise to give her sports car to Jack. The car's market value is $25,000 but Jack is not going to give any price for the car in return. On the other hand, contract law provides that an agreement is enforceable if among other elements, consideration is also present to support the promise made by the other party. For this purpose, consideration is the b enefit that is received by the parties to the contract in exchange of the promise made by them. Similarly, the law also provides that past consideration is not valid (Re McArdle, 1951). It is also required that consideration should have some value under the law (Thomas v Thomas, 1842). As mentioned above, the element of consideration is required for the formation of a valid contract. But in this case, consideration is not present as Jack is not going to pay any price for the car. Therefore, it can be concluded that Jack does not have a legally enforceable promise due to the lack of consideration. In this question, an offer has been made by Jane to give Jack her sports car at a price of $25,000. This offer has been accepted by Jack and he is ready to pay $25,000 for the car. Therefore the issue is if Jack can legally enforceable promise made by Jane. In this case, the elements of offer, acceptance and consideration are present. An offer has been made by Jean and the same was accepted by Jack. Moreover, a consideration of $25,000 is also being paid by Jack. The doctrine of consideration deals with the bargain under the contract. Therefore, under the contract law, it is presumed that when the parties have created a contract, an exchange of promises takes place (White v Bluett, 1853). In view of this position, under the contract, each party needs to be promisor and also a promisee. Therefore it can be said that in case of a valid contract, both the parties to the contract should receive a benefit and similarly, they should also suffer a detriment under the contract. This benefit or detriment is known as consideration under the contract law (Atiyah, 1986). On these grounds, it can be concluded that in this case a valid contract has been created between Jack and Jane has all the elements required for the formation of a valid contract are present. Therefore Jack has an enforceable contract. The issue that is present in this question is related with the adequacy of consideration and its effect on the validity of the contract. Jane offered to sell her sports car for $2500 only while the market value of such a car is nearly $25,000. When the offer has been accepted by Jack, it has to be seen if Jack has an enforceable promise and if a legally enforceable contract is created between the parties. Generally, the courts are not concerned with the issue of the adequacy of consideration in the contract (Furmston, 2007). As the parties have the freedom of contract, the issue has been left to the parties to decide the consideration that is received by them in return of the promise made by them under the contract (Burrows, and Peel, eds., 2003). The law of contract provides that consideration should be sufficient and it is not required that adequate consideration should also be present. In order to be sufficient, a consideration should have some value under the law (Re Wragg Ltd., 1897). Therefore, an illusionary consideration is not valid under the law. Due to this reason, things like that you love and affection and morality are not created by the law as valid considerations. The issue of the adequacy of consideration has been discussed in detail by the House of Lords in Chappell v Nestle (1960) when it was decided that even empty chocolate bar wrappers can also have value as consideration. Therefore the position under the common law is that division consideration is required but it is not necessary that adequate consideration to be provided by the parties. Consequently, it is required that the consideration that has been supplied by the parties to support the promise made under the contract should have some value but it does not matter if the value is adequate or not to fulfill the purpose of meeting the return of the agreement (Carter and Harland, 2002). Hence even if the consideration that has been provided in the contract is not of equal value, still it will be considered as sufficient by the law or the formation of a valid contract. The only requirement is that a legal consideration should be provided and for this purpose, there should be an exchange of consideration among the parties to the contract. For example in White v Bluett (1853), the plaintiff had sued the estate of his father for the enforcement of a promise made by the deceased father to pay something if the plaintiff stopped complaining in future. In this regard, the decision of the court was that a promise to stop complaining in future is not a real consideration. The reasoning of the court was that such a promise does not have any economic value. As a result, the formation of a the contract requires that tangible consideration should be provided by the parties. In this case, a consideration of $2500 may not be adequate consideration but it is sufficient to support the promise and as a result, Jack has an enforceable promise in this case. Ans: The brief facts of this question are that a shipbuilder had entered into a contract with North Ocean Tankers for building a tanker for them. But after some time, there was a devaluation of the US currency by the government by 10 percent. The result was that the shipbuilder was going to suffer a loss under the contract. Due to this reason, the shipbuilder demanded that it should be paid extra $3 million otherwise it will not complete the work. On the other hand, the buyer, North Ocean Tankers already had a charter for the tanker and therefore it was very important that the tanker was delivered on time. Under these circumstances, the buyer reluctantly agreed to the demand of paying additional $3 million to the shipbuilder. However, now the buyer wants to recover this excess payment from the shipbuilder. Therefore the issue in this question is if they promise to pay additional money for the performance of an existing contractual duty can be treated as legally enforceable or not. Consideration is one of the elements that are necessary for the formation of a legally enforceable contract. In view of this requirement, gratuitous promises cannot be enforced by the law. In the past, the rule of the contract law dealing with the above-mentioned situation was that the performance of existing duty does not provide a good consideration in return of the promise made by the other party to pay additional benefit under the contract (Burrows, 1998). This rule was provided by the court in Stilk v Myrick (1809). But since then, the general rule has undergone sudden changes. According to the existing duty rule, the performance of an existing duty was not a good consideration in return of the variation made in the terms of the contract under which an additional benefit has been provided to the party. Therefore when a party has only performed its contractual duty imposed by a pre-existing contract, it is not considered as a good consideration. But the general rule underwent a significant change after the decision was delivered in Williams v Roffey Bros (1990). In order to decide this case, the court used the practical benefit rule for the purpose of deciding the issue present in this case. At the same time, the court adopted a new approach regarding the existing duty rule. The brief facts are that there was an agreement between the building contractors and housing Society. Under this agreement, the building contractors were required to renovate 37 flats. For this purpose, the building contractor made a sub-contract with Williams to do the carpentry work in these flats. According to the contract between the defendants and Williams, a price of 20,000 has been fixed for completing the carpentry work in these flats and this prize was to be paid by the defendants in installments. But after sometimes, the plaintiff, Williams started facing financial problems as the price decided by the parties for this work was too low. Under th ese circumstances, the plaintiff approach the defendant and told them that they will not be able to complete the work as the price was too low. The defendant also agreed that a low price had been decided under the contract. Moreover, the defendants were also interested that the work should be completed on time due to the reason that according to the contract they have created with the housing Society, there was a penalty clause according to which the defendants will have to pay a penalty if the work of renovating the flats was not completed on time. Under these circumstances, the defendant made a promise to the plaintiff that they will pay an additional amount of 575 for each flat that was completed on time. But later on, this promise was not fulfilled by the defendants. As a result, the plaintiff, Williams approached the court for the enforcement of this promise. The question before the court was if a valid consideration has been provided in this case by performing an existing duty to support the promise of paying additional money for completing the carpentry work on time. It was the decision of the court that a legal obligation was present on part of the defendants to pay the additional amount promised by them. The court stated that consideration has been provided in this case by the practical benefit that would have been achieved by the defendants from the completion of the work of renovating these flats on time as they will be able to avoid the penalty clause present in their contract with the house in society and at the same time, they will also display from the need of finding another carpenter to complete the work. By applying the above mentioned position of law, related with the performance of pre-existing duty as a consideration for a promise to pay additional money, it can be said that in this case, the buyer, Norrth Ocean Tankers had made a promise to the shipbuilder that if the tanker was completed on time, they will pay additional $3 million to the shipbuilder. In this way, although the shipbuilder is only performing its contractual duty under the pre-existing contract however, the buyer is going to achieve advantage by the completion of the tanker on time as it had a charter for the tanker. Therefore, it can be said that consideration is present in this case to support the promise made by the buyer to pay additional $3 million to the shipbuilder. Due to this fact, they promised to pay the additional money becomes legally enforceable. As a result, the buyer cannot recover the additional money paid by it to the shipbuilder. References Atiyah, P.S., 1995, Introduction to the Law of Contract, 5th Edition, OUP Australia Burrows, A. and Peel, E. eds., 2003, Commercial Remedies: Current Issues Problems, OUP Burrows, A., 1998 Understanding the Law of Obligations: Essays on Contract, Tort Restitution, Hart Publishing, Oxford Carter, J.W. and Harland, D.J. 2002 Contract Law in Australia, 4th Edition, (Butterworths, Furmston, M., 2007, Cheshire, Fifoot Furmstons Law of Contract, 15th Edition, OUP Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 Thomas v Thomas) (1842) 2 QB 85 White v Bluett (1853) 2 WR 75 Re Wragg Ltd [1897] 1 Ch 796 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls Contractors) Ltd (1990) 1 All ER 512 Chappell v Nestle [1960] AC 87

Globalisation and E

Barth Syndrome essays

Barth Syndrome essays Barth Syndrome is a genetic disorder that only effect males. It is an X-linked ressive genetic condition. A mother that carries the genetic code for Barth Syndrome will never show signs or symptoms of it. She will always pass it to her daughters, and will have a fifty- percent chance of passing it to her sons. The daughters will never show any signs or symptoms either. Barth Syndrome only effects only the males. If a male does inherit Barth Syndrome from his mother, he only has a 30% chance of living through his first few years. Of the 30% that are diagnosed, those who seek treatment have an 85% - 90% chance of living in to their fifties. Barth Syndrome had many effects on the male body. An effected male will be far below average in weight and height. The lack of growth in the boys is often looked at as evidence of poor nutrition or some other effects of an illness, the termed used for this is failure to thrive. The effected person will have muscle fatigue. This includes all muscles, even the heart. They have a cellular deficiency that effects their ability to produce energy, causing activities that require strength or stamina, extremely difficult. Activities like walking to growing to writing. The boys also experience Neutropenia. It is a weakness of the immune system. Specifically its a reduction in the number of neutrophils. A neutrophil is a white blood cell, whose responsibility is to fight bacterial infections. Neutropenia places the Barth boys at an increased risk of acquiring serious infections. These infections may include bacterial pneumonia and skin abscesses. Treatment of Barth Syndrome can be tricky. A doctor was troubled with the case of a 3-week-old male baby admitted for congestive heart failure. The doctor did an electrocardiogram that revealed an unusual camels hump of the T waves and progressive thickening of the left ventricular wall with increa ...

Americans with Disabilities Act Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Americans with Disabilities Act - Term Paper Example Retaining employment is extremely important for those with psychiatric disabilities because the benefits of employment are not attainable through any other activity alone. Recent plans for improving employment outcomes for people with severe mental illnesses have both practice and policy implications. For example, supported employment is an evidence-based practice (EBT) that addresses the employment provisions of Title I of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). The ADA is usually mistakenly associated with the protection limited only to individuals with physical disabilities. In response to the situation, the EEOC issued the Enforcement Guidance on the ADA and Psychiatric Disabilities on how the employment provisions of the ADA apply to persons with psychiatric disabilities. Therefore, from the critical perspective, the ADA provides adequate non-discriminatory protection for persons with psychiatric disabilities and its primary intention is not to provide unconditional protection s for people with psychiatric disabilities but rather to ensure that individuals with these disabilities do not endure unjust discrimination in the workplace. The ADA is designed specifically with t... ADA TITLE I PROHIBITING EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION The ADA is designed specifically with two essential purposes: (a) to incorporate individuals with disabilities into the mainstream of American society and (b) to protect them against disability-directed discrimination (Peterson & Aguiar, 2004). Among its five sections, Title I ensures equal access to employment opportunities including hiring, job training, promotion, or the discharge process for qualified individuals with a disability who are working in private sector workplaces with 15 or more employees. Although legislation had addressed discrimination in employment based on disability in the public sector (e.g., Section 501, 503, and 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973), Title I in the ADA includes private sector employment and has more detailed terms and procedural guidelines. Terms include essential functions of the job, reasonable accommodation, undue hardship, and procedural guidelines in regard to the job application process, contractual relationships, and enforcement of Title I (Rubin & Roessler, 2001). Essential functions of the job are critical for satisfying the ADA definition for "qualified individuals with disability" with or without reasonable accommodation. To merit ADA protection under the ADA, an individual has to prove that his or her disability fits the ADA's definition of disability and that he or she has the expertise or ability to perform the essential functions of the job. Essential functions include "requisite skill, experience, education, and other jobrelated requirements of the employment position that such an individual holds or desires, and who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of such position"

Business (i NEED A WRITER IN LAW OR CRIMINOLOGY ) Essay

Business (i NEED A WRITER IN LAW OR CRIMINOLOGY ) - Essay Example This right to confront your accuser in open court is regarded as the core of the  English trial system (and of course that of other jurisdictions based on it).   All criminal cases start in the Magistrates’ courts. Petty offences, or offences not serious in nature are dealt with by Magistrates’ court. They are called summary offences. All cases regarding these offences are decided entirely in the Magistrates’ Court. Apart from summary offences, there can be two other types of offences. One is known as either-way offence. In either-way offences, the suspect has a choice. His case can either be heard by the Magistrates’ court or if so desired, he can insist on trial by judge and jury in the Crown Court. Magistrates’ Court can impose fines up to  £ 5000, and punishments up to 12 months1. However, the Magistrates’ Court has power to impose more sentence if the defendant is charged with two or more offences, and at least two offences are either way offences. Over 95% of all criminal cases are dealt with by Magistrates’ Courts.2 Magistrates’ Courts may refer some cases to Crown Court if it reaches a conclusion that the defendant deserves more severe punishment than they can. However, all the three types of cases must be first heard by the Magistrates’ Court. This hearing is known as committal. Offences of the other type are known as indictable offences. Indictable offences are to be tried only by Crown Court. Indictable offences are more serious criminal cases such as murder, manslaughter, assault, rape or robbery. The Crown Courts can hear appeals from orders of Magistrates Courts. These cases in Magistrates’ Courts are heard by three lay magistrates (who are known as justices of peace) or by a District Judge. The magistrates are volunteers from the locality. District Judge is a trained lawyer. He is a government servant. The prosecution is usually carried out by the Crown Prosecution Service. A

Genesis Of Army Air Defence History Essay

Genesis Of Army Air Defence History Essay What happened in Kuwait Iraq necessitates a review of the attitude towards the army air defence and the countrys entire AD systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. When we ask ourselves, did it work in Iraq, we have the answer, mostly it did not. Russian Minister of Defence Yazov NATO defines air defence as all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action. They include ground and air based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures. It may be to protect naval, ground and air forces wherever they are. However, for most countries the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare  [2]  . Missile defence is an extension of air defence as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting potentially any projectile in flight. In some countries, such as Britain and Germany in World War II, the Soviet Union and NATOs European Command, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. Nevertheless, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, forces in the field, wherever they ar e, invariably deploy their own air defence capability generally referred to as Army Air Defence. A surface based air defence capability can also be deployed offensively to deny the use of airspace to an opponent. This is the central idea of this article. THE EVOLUTION There are two things that make Air Defence (AD) necessary something to defend and an airborne threat. The threat from air existed earlier than the airplane. There existed a concept of air defence much before the Write Brothers flew the first aircraft in 1903. In August 1861, an American Aeronaut while on his balloon, reported the first anti aircraft fire  [3]  . This was one of the pioneering attempts in active air defence. The air defence artillery (ADA) began its evolution, when Col RP Davidson of USA built the first automatic AD weapon around 1909  [4]  . However, very little work was done in the field of AD Doctrine, as the military leaders were yet to realize the importance of air defence. The substantial air threat encountered in World War I triggered the development of dedicated ADA. In 1914, when the Allied air attacks on Germany became more persistent, the Germans exploited this new weaponry and called it Flugzug Abwehr Kanomen or Flak  [5]  . Sound location and search lights were the main means of surveillance. The establishment of London Air Defence Area (LADA) in July 1917, was pivotal as it was the first step towards centralization integration of assets like FF units, AA Gun Batteries Search Light Batteries into one entity. At the end of World War I, to facilitate quick demobilization, the AD elements of great powers were broken up. During the inter-war period with the evolution of AF, to control Englands airspace Air Defence Great Britain (ADGB) was formed in 1925. This was the first time AF was integrated for the AD which had two distinct elements: Royal AF Bombing Formations and the Fighting Area. Fighting Area was made up of ten sectors under GOC Ground Troops who would control all ground base elements of AD  [6]  . The Garrison Artillery was also abolished and its AD units were transferred to Field Artillery. In 1930s the development of radars brought about another renaissance for the AD and fostered induction of surveillance radars and better guns. The Abyssinian Crisis in October 1935 saw the first overseas deployment of AD, when the 1st AD Brigade was deployed in Egypt to protect the English against Italian attacks. The Ground Commander continued to be in charge of the local air defences as he could coordinate allocation of resources, Passive AD (PAD) measures and deception. Procedural Air Control measures were conceived by the Japanese after the US Doolittle Raids on Japan in 1942  [7]  . However, at no time were the interceptors and ADA placed under a single commander  [8]  . The Japanese defeat through air power is one classic example of the enormous price a nation had for inadequacies and poor air defences. It was Japanese air threat in SE Asia during the Second World War which forced British Government to raise AD units in India. Thus the history of AD Artillery in India began 1939 onwards when a few Indian troops began to be trained in the use of the 3 inch gun as part of the Anti-aircraft (AA) Batteries of Hongkong and Singapore Royal Artillery (HKSRA) and Indian Artillery. From 1941 onwards AA units and training establishments began to be raised in India.  [9]  The orgaisation of AA units and formations, though akin to artillery for command and control, evolved on the basis of gun density requirement for protection of Vulnerable Points and Areas. During the World War II, the Indian LAA Regiments were awarded for their dedication and acts of valour in the face of the enemy. At the time of partition only two AD Artillery units viz 26 LAA and 27 LAA Regiments came to India while the oldest AA Establishment the 1 Training Battery failed to survive the partition  [10]  . We have come a long way since then, graduating from ACK ACK (AA) to the Air Defence Branch of Regiment of Artillery, creation of a separate Corps of AD Artillery in 1994 and then renaming it as Corps of Army Air Defence in 2005  [11]  . However, a lot of ground still remains uncovered and today in spite of having AIR DEFENCE ARTILLERY OF USA Air Defence Artillery originated from the Coast Artillery Corps which was created after the Revolutionary War to defend the US coasts against naval attack and bombardment. As the US entered World War I in 1917, Coast Artillery units were detailed as Anti Aircraft Artillery(AAA) units. Weapons for these units were procured from France (75 mm Guns) but there was no doctrine. These units entered World War II beginning with the engagement of the Japanese at Pearl Harbor. German V2 Rockets led to the development of US field missile systems. Today AAA refers to the combat group that specializes in anti-aircraft weapons (such as surface to air missiles). In the US Army, these groups are composed of mainly air defence systems such as the PATRIOT Missile System, Terminal High Altitude Air Defence(THAAD), and the Avenger Air Defense system which fires the FIM-92 Stinger missiles. The Air Defence Artillery branch descended from the Anti-Aircraft Artillery (part of the Field Artillery) into a se parate branch on 20 June 1968  [12]  . Eqpt. Corps AD/EAC DIVAD FUTURE DEVP REMARKS PAC 2 GEM (100KM/ 55KM)* AVENGER SLAMRAAM *RANGE/ ALTITUDE PAC 3 (100/ 55) STINGER MEADS THAAD (200/ 150) BSFV C-RAM LINEBACKER SLAMRAAM :Surface Launched Advance Medium Range Air to Air Missile MEADS: Medium Extended AD System BSFV: Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle C-RAM: Counter Rocket, Arty Mortar Division Air Defence(DIVAD) Units. These are Short Range Air Defence (SHORAD) battalions tailor made for the formations they support with each of them having about three to four batteries. Infantry, Mechanised Infantry, Armoured, Air Assault and Air Borne Divisions have their own DIVAD battalions. Non DIVAD units. These are High and Medium Air Defence(HIMAD) Battalions at both Corps and Echelons Above Corps (EAC) levels equipped with Patriot THAAD systems. The Patriot Battalions have about five batteries. Patriot is a long-range, high and medium altitude, all-weather Air Defence system to counter Tactical Ballistic Missiles(TBMs), cruise missiles and advanced air craft. The current force of 12 Patriot Bns, 13 Avenger Bns four AMD Bns is planned to be reorganized into 16 AMD Bns ( equipped with MEADS/ THAAD) nine SLAMRAAM Bns. The 32d Army Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC) is a one-of-a-kind theater level Army air and missile defense multi-component organization with a worldwide, 72-hour deployment mission. 32d AAMDC consists of two brigades, 11th Air Defense Artillery and 35th Air Defense Artillery; both stand ready to accomplish any mission anywhere, anytime in support of the warfighting CINC. Recent contingency deployments to Southwest Asia and an intense exercise schedule in Korea exemplify the vital role and mission that the organization plays  [13]  . The Army Air and Missile Defence Command (AAMDC) is the Armys combat organization for planning, coordinating, integrating, and executing AD operations in support of the army service component commander (ASCC), the Army forces (ARFOR) commander, the joint force land component commander (JFLCC).  [14]  A majority of air and missile defence (AMD) coordination of interest to ADA occurs between the Area Air Defence Commander (AADC) and the JFLCC in most theatres. The JFLCC integrates Army capabilities into joint air and missile defence efforts through close coordination with the AADC. When the AAMDC is in theatre, the AAMDC commander will normally be designated the DAADC and will be the principal integrator for the JFLCC to the AADC on air and missile defence. An AAMDC liaison team works closely with the AADC and his staff and the BCD (Battle Space Coordination Center) to accomplish air and missile defence integration  [15]  . THE AIR DEFENCE OF RUSSIA The first Soviet AD Units was raised with the est of 1st AAA Regt at Leningrad in 1924. The air def directorate was formed in 1932. In November 1941, motivated by increasing German raids on Moscow Leningrad, National Air Defence Forces or PVO Strany was formed and in 1948 it became a separate service  [16]  . The organisation of PVO was very peculiar as it had its separate AD air crafts. The Air Defence Forces formerly the Air Defense Troops of the Nation (Russian: à Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ¹Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ ºÃƒ Ã‚ ° à Ã… ¸Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ Ã… ¾, Voyska ProtivoVozdushnoy Oborony, Voyska PVO and formerly ProvitoVozdushnaya Oborona Strany, PVO Strany) was the air defence branch of the Soviet Armed Forces  [17]  . By 1958 separate service , AD of ground troops PVO SV was established which was responsible for AD of army assets. Operating two different ADs, PVO Strany PVO SV and also two different AFs had its inherent command control problems. So, in 1981 PVO Strany was reorga nised and its name was changed to Voyska PVO (AD Tps). The Army Air Def was made subordinate branch to Voyska PVO and was called the AD of Troops (Voyskovaya PVO). Prior to dissolution of Soviet Union, PVO was the second largest independent service of Soviet armed Forces and it consumed major share of military allocation.  [18]  On disintegration of the Soviet Union, President Yeltsin signed a new defence policy document in Aug 1998 which established a single system of military administrative division of Russian territory. This replaced the earlier military districts with six integrated strategic areas or Zones. In 1998 the AD was merged with the Air Force (VVS) and by 2003 the RVSN i.e Strategic Missile Force Army Aviation units were merged with AF. The AF is organised into six Air AD armies which are operationally under op control of military zone/district commanders. Each zone is divided into AD Districts Districts are further divided into AD Sectors . Air defence of impor tant areas is under Missile Bdes. Air surveillance and intelligence is responsibility of Radio Brigades. The overall AD system of Russian includes :- Space defence troops. AD troops (Strategic). Army AD Troops. Naval Anti Aircraft Troops. D:Documents and SettingsAdm TrgDesktopCapture456.PNG Eqpt. MISSILE BRIGADES ARMY AD TROOPS FUTURE DEVP REMARKS SA-3 PECHORA (25KM/ 15KM)* SA-6 KVADRAT/ SA- 11 GRADFLY SA-20 TRIUMF S-400(400/30) *RANGE/ ALTITUDE SA-10 GRUMBLE (200/ 90) SA -8 OSA AK/ SA-15 PANTZYR S1 SPAD (4/6) SA-12 GLADIATOR (90/ 15) SA-19 TUNGUSKA DZHIGIT(SA 16/18) SA-17 BUK M2 (42/25) $ SA-18 IGLA 2/S ANTEY 2500/ S-300 VM (200/30) $ 4 TH GENERATION SA-5 GAMMON (200/20) KS 30/ S-60/ ZU 23 @ @ GUN SYS Russian AD doctrine is defensive in nature. The anti aircraft fire is coordinated by the AD Sector and AD Missile Brigades are responsible for fire control in a specific sector. The overall AD network is completely integrated with Ranzir CP, Baikal IE systems and Polyana 4E systems  [19]  , for each level, which get inputs from AWACS through compatible integrated data transfer system. They have developed the S- 300 series S-400 series of Missiles which are Counter Missile system. The deployment of S-400 began in 2007 and is likely to be completed by 2015.  [20]  The Russian R D is now focusing on point AD systems Counter missile Systems. Russia with the help of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries is developing a comprehensive AD structure which could give depth to Russian Air space. THE AIR DEFENCE OF CHINA Armed with a formidable arsenal of nuclear weapons and rapidly maturing delivery capabilities, China has little to worry about in terms of major invasion. Since China is surrounded by potential adversaries, particularly the US Pacific Forces it deploys strong ground-based air-defenses to protect itself against sudden air attacks. The official terms for the PLAAFs AAA troops is gaoshepao bing/gaopaobing and the SAM troops is dikong daodan bing/didao bing/daodan bing. However, the PLAAF occasionally refers to its AAA troops as first artillery (yipao), and SAM troops as second artillery (erpao), which is often confused with Chinas Second Artillery Corps (erpao).  [21]   During the 1950s, the Soviets exported air defence equipment to China. But the Khrushchev-era tensions put an end to that, and over time China proceeded to reverse engineer all of these Soviet designs. On 6 February 1964, during his meeting with Dr Qian Xuesen (Father of Chinese Rocketry), Chairman Mao again expressed his views on the importance of the missile defence capability. According to Mao, missile defence capability should not be dominated by the two superpowers only, and China must also develop its own missile defence weapons, no matter how long it would take. This conversation, later known as 640 Directive, led to a missile defence system that could defend the country against nuclear-armed strategic missile attacks  [22]  . Early models SA-2 Guidelines from USSR were reverse engineered and entered service as the HQ-1 and soon after HQ-2 systems. Since the year 2000, HQ-2 remains a major cornerstone of Chinese air defenses  [23]  . In the 1960s-80s the main strategic adversary was USSR and consequently most air defenses are concentrated in the north of the country  [24]  . Chinese attempts at indigenous SAMs were somewhat poor even after an injection of Western technologies during the 1970s and 80s. In the 1990s and 2000s the focus had returned to the financial hub of Shanghai (and now Hong Kong) and the Taiwan Straits. PLAAF has upgraded its air defense (non-aircraft) capabilities which involves three of the PLAAFs branches: SAM, AAA, and radar troops. It is expending tremendous effort establishing an Integrated Air Defence System (IADS) at both the strategic (SADS) and tactical (TADS) levels.  [25]  SADS Integrates Naval, Space ABM TADS Integrates PLAAF PLA AD as explained in the figure below. The Automated Air Defense Command and Control System [IBACS] identifies targets, evaluates threats, allocates forces, and guides fighters. It also commands surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and antiaircraft artillery (AAA), and it includes tactical air defense systems (TADS) and fixed radars. A sector operations center is linked with three TADS, various air bases, AAA sites, SAM units, radars, and ground and naval units  [26]  . Eqpt. REGIONAL AD FIELD AD FUTURE DEVP REMARKS HQ 9 (90KM/ 30KM)* TOR M1 ( SA-15) HQ -15 (SUPER S-300 )(200/25) *RANGE/ ALTITUDE SA-10 GRUMBLE (200/ 90) S-300 PMU HQ -7 (FM -80) HQ 16 (SUPER TOR M1 (35/20) HQ-12 KS 1(50/ 25) HQ 64 (LY -60) HQ 17 (30/17) HQ -2 B(90/20) QW-3/ TY-90 HQ 18 (400/35) PL-9/ HQ 61 A ABM SYS MANPADS ( QW  [27]  1,2,3 HN 5) QW [emailprotected] @ 4 TH GENERATION 14.5MM/ 23 MM/ 25MM/ 35 MM/ 57 MM/ 85MM GUNS. TYPE 95 GUN MISSILE SYSTEM GUN SYSTEMS The Chinese AD Doctrine post 2006 follows an Active AD Strategy with offensive and defensive character. Its deployment follows Three Strike or San Da concept which is a three ring layered deployment which is Key Area/ Key Point centric. Overall the countrys AD posture follows a front light and rear heavy pattern with institutionalized Passive Air Defence (PAD) measures. Despite significant improvement in military C4I, Chinese ability to control sophisticated military operations still lags behind current western standards and its varied AD equipment are yet to be battle tested. PAKISTAN Since most of our discussions all these years have been Pak centric, the readers would be familiar with its AD organization and setup. However, I wish to bring out certain salient aspects which are some recent developments:- Pak AD Studies (AADS 2000) and Study by HQ 4 AD Division in Jan 2008 has led to development of CLIAD (Comprehensive Layered Integrated Air Defence) Capability. This has ushered in era of variety of SAMs which are planned to be a mix of Western (30%) and Chinese (70%) equipment to be employed as under :- Combat Zone. It would primarily consist of RBS -70, FIM-90 (Chinese) and a variety of SHORADS (Short Range Air Defence Systems). Communication Zone. Low and Medium Altitude AD Systems (LOMAD) consisting of BAMSE (Sweden) and KS 2/ LY 60 D (China). Rear Areas. HIMADS comprising LD 2000 (China) and Phalanx (US). Both these systems are also capable of tackling all forms of missile threat. It has already authorized integral AD Regiments to its Infantry Artillery Divisions and is reorganizing the existing units to absorb new equipment thereby increasing the density of AD in Combat Zone. Redefining the Mission Of Army AD. Existing Mission. To provide ground based air defence to operationally critical assets/areas in harmony with visualized land air operations, nullifying or reducing the effectiveness of hostile air attacks and surveillance Redefined Mission . Provide AD cover against Low, Med and High alt air threat to national and tri Service VAsIVPs and field formations during defensive and offensive ops In the new mission Pakistan is not only looking to cover its air defence in all the spectrums but is also seeking for a better integration between the air defence forces with the other ground forces. Integrated AD concept implies provision of terminal def to PAF bases, CZ, VAs of national imp and create cone of AD wpns in specific areas of CZ in harmony with own air-land ops in order to cause max attrition on adversarys (Indian) air force.

Impact of a Jet

Impact Of a Jet Introduction: Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the force that can be imparted by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. For example, the pelt on wheel has been used to make flour. Further more, the impulse turbine is still used in the first and sometimes in the second stages of steam turbine. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in high-rise buildings. Fluid jets are also used in industry for cutting metals and debarring.Many other applications of fluid jets can be cited which reveals their technological importance. This experiment aims at assessing the different forces exerted by the same water jet on a variety of geometrical different plates. The results obtained experimentally are to be compared with the ones inferred from theory through utilizing the applicable versions of the Bernoulli and momentum equations. Objectives: i. To measure the force p roduced by a jet on flat and curved surfaces. ii. To compare the experimental results with the theoretically calculated valuesProcedure: 1. Stand the apparatus on the hydraulic bench, with the drainpipe immediately above the hole leading to the weighing tank, see figure 4. Connect the bench supply hose to the inlet pipe on the apparatus, using a hose-clip to secure the connection. 2. Fit the flat plate to the apparatus. If the cup is fitted, remove it by undoing the retaining screw and lifting it out, complete with the loose cover plate. Take care not to drop the cup in the plastic cylinder. 3. Fit the cover plate over the stem of the flat plate and hold it in position below the beam.Screw in the retaining screw and tighten it. 4. Set the weigh-beam to its datum position. First set the jockey weight on the beam so that the datum groove is at zero on the scale, figure 5. Turn the adjusting nut, above the spring, until the grooves on the tally are in line with the top plate as shown i n figure 6. This indicates the datum position to which the beam must be returned, during the experiment, to measure the force produced by the jet. 5. Switch on the bench pump and open the bench supply valve to admit water to the apparatus.Check that the drainpipe is over the hole leading to the weighing tank. 6. Fully open the supply valve and slide the jockey weight along the beam until the tally returns to record the reading on the scale corresponding to the groove on the jockey weight. Measure the flow rate by limiting the collection of 8Kg of water in the bench-weighing bank. 7. Move the jockey weight inwards by 10 to 15cm and reduce the flow rate until the beam is approximately level. Set the beam to exactly the correct position (as indicated by the tally) by moving the jockey weight, and record the scale reading.Measure the flow rate. 8. Repeat step 6 until you have about 6 sets of readings over the range flow. For the last set, the jockey should be set at about 10cm from the zero position. At the lower flow rates you can reduce the mass of water collected in the weighing tank to 8Kg. 9. Switch off the bench pump and fit the hemispherical cup to the apparatus using the method in steps 2 and 3. Repeat step 4 to check the datum setting. 10. Repeat steps 5 to 9, but this time move the jockey in steps of about 25cm and take the last set of readings at about 20cm. 11.Switch of the bench pump and record the mass m of the jockey weight, the diameter d of the nozzle, and the distance s of the vanes from the outlet of the nozzle. Data and Results: Table 1: Results for Flat Plate Water Mass, Mw (KgTime, t (S)Distance, ?y (m)Mass Flow, m (Kg/s)Velocity, u (m/s) Initial Velocity, uo (m/s) Momentum, muo (N)Force on vane, F (N) 240. 560. 6642. 86546. 47545. 782342125. 89 240. 560. 6742. 86546. 47545. 782342126. 29 240. 560. 6442. 86546. 47545. 782342125. 89 240. 550. 6243. 64556. 41555. 7232425124. 32 241. 040. 5423. 08294. 27293. 581281121. 19 41. 380. 2317. 39221. 7 2221. 0496459. 025 Table 2: Results for Hemispherical Cup Water Mass, Mw (KgTime, t (S)Distance, ?y (m)Mass Flow, m (Kg/s)Velocity, u (m/s) Initial Velocity, uo (m/s) Momentum, muo (N)Force on vane, F (N) 240. 551. 3243. 63556. 28555. 5913334. 1652. 19 240. 561. 3242. 85546. 33545. 6413095. 3651. 79 240. 581. 3141. 38527. 59526. 9112645. 8451. 40 240. 591. 2840. 67518. 54517. 8512428. 4050. 23 241. 031. 1323. 30297. 08296. 397113. 3644. 34 241. 200. 7320. 00225224. 315383. 5128. 64 Calculations: 1. Mass flow rate, mf = mw / T In table 1: [ m= 24 / 0. 6= 42. 86 Kg/s] In table 2: [m=24 / 0. 55= 43. 63 Kg/s] 2. Velocity at nozzle exit, u= m / ? A , m = ? uA u= m / (1000 x78. 85Ãâ€"10^-6) u= 12. 75 x m In table 1: u= [12. 75 / 42. 86 = 546. 47m/s] In table 2: u= [12. 75 / 43. 63 = 556. 28m/s] 3. Velocity at impact with vane, uo: From Bernoulli’s equation: uo ^2 = u^2-2gs uo^2 = u^2 – (2 x 9. 81x 0. 035) In table 1: uo = [(v546. 78^2) – 0. 687] =545. 79 m/s In tabl e 2: uo = [(v556. 8^2) – 0. 687] =555. 59 m/s 4. Momentum flow in the jet at impact,J Moment,J = m x uo In table 1: [J= 42. 86 x 545. 78 = 23421 N] In table 2: [J=43. 63 x 555. 59 = 13334. 1N] 5. Force on vane F, F = (W x y) / 0. 15 In table 1: [F= (5. 89 x 0. 66) / 0. 15 =25. 89 N] In table 2: [F= (5. 89 x 1. 33) / 0. 15 =52. 19 N] 6. Slope of the graph, From flat plate graph, m m= (17500-10200) / (25-15) m= 730 From Hemispherical Cup graph, m m= (8500-6000) / (48-35) m=192. 30 Discussion . Turning the adjusting nut above the spring until the grooves on the tally are in the line with the top plate as shown in figure 6. 2. Recording the reading on the scale corresponding to the groove on the jockey weight. 3. Starting timer and adding weights when beam moves to horizontal. Stopping timer when beam moves to horizontal again. 4. The values of F theoretical (calculated from 4g? x) are close to those found experimentally. So we connect these points with a straight line. 5. Also f rom this graph we see that the calculated F (4g? ) is equal to the double of mu ? 2mu 6. It is clear from Fig that the force produced on each of the vanes is proportional to the momentum flow in the jet as it strikes the vane. From the data collected during the experiment, it is found that for different plate of vane used, the force exerted on the plate by the water will be different and it varies from flat and hemispherical plate. This is supported by the data of the column, distance of jockey from zero position which is the mean of knowing the force needed to balance the force exerted by the water. . We were to plot graphs of Force versus delivery of momentum for each plate on the same graph and we found the graphs posses different slope where the values are 2 and 1. 1 for hemispherical and flat plate respectively. We were able to plot the two plates on the same graph and although the relative slope is correct where hemispherical has the greater slope followed by flat plate, but t he calculation of the slope will not be correct because the value of x-axis is the same for all two graphs.So in order to obtain the correct value of slopes, the individual plotting of the graph has been plotted and the slope has been calculated. 8. When the water from the nozzle strikes the plate, it has the same initial velocity for the two plates but the velocity changes due to the obstruction by the plate and it will be different for each plate due to the geometrical effect. The geometry of the hemispherical plate minimizes the obstruction of the plate so the water will flow more freely relative to that of the flat plate.So, for the same flow rate, the hemispherical has a relatively higher final velocity than flat plate. Percentage of error of experiment: Accuracy = (muo-4g? X /4g? X) *100% For flat plate: (31. 20-1. 96/1. 96)=10. 2% (2. 10-1. 96/1. 96)=7. 14% (1. 73-1. 57/1. 57)=10. 2% (1. 35-1. 18/1. 18)=14. 4% (0. 9-0. 78/0. 78)=15. 4% Factor: Parallax error, during adjusting the level gauge to point, Water valve was not completely close and Press stopwatch start button late. For hemispherical cup: (4. 74-4. 1/4. 71)=0. 64% (4. 08-3. 92/3. 92)=4. 08% (3. 6-3. 14/3. 14)=14. 6% (2. 7-2. 35/2. 35)=14. 9% (1. 90-1. 57/1. 57)=21. 0% (0. 94-0. 78/0. 78)=20. 5% Factor: Parallax error, during adjusting the level gauge to point, Water valve was not completely close and Press stopwatch start button late. Question: Suggest two ways to improve accuracy of results? 1. It is by repeating the experiment a few times which make the results more reliable. 2. Measuring use highly precise digital measurement. 3.If the line didn’t pass through the origin that means that there is an error, because if the force is zero ( the jet doesn’t touch the vane) the should be placed at the origin which means ? y=0 so F=0 4. F = m (uo = u) u ? uo because we neglect reduction of speed so that u=uo fo = 2muo but the force on the hemispherical cup less than twice that on the flat plate. 5. The effect on the calculated force on the flat plate if the jet was assumed to leave the plate at 1? upward will be a moment in the x-direction which will decrease the moment in the y-direction F=m (1. 9uo) and it won’t effect the results too much. Conclusion As a conclusion, the experiment that have been carried out were successful, even though the data collected are a little bit difference compared to the theoretical value. The difference between the theoretical value and the actual value may mainly due to human and servicing factors such as parallax error. This error occur during observer captured the value of the water level. Besides that, error may occur during adjusting the level gauge to point at the white line on the side of the weight pan.Other than that, it also maybe because of the water valve. This error may occur because the water valve was not completely close during collecting the water. This may affect the time taken for the water to be collecte d. There are a lot of possibilities forth experiment will having an error. Therefore, the recommendation to overcome the error is ensure that the position of the observer’s eye must be 90 ° perpendicular to the reading or the position. Then, ensure that the apparatus functioning perfectly in order to get an accurate result.

Does Television Have Educational Value

Does television have educational value? Television, like anything else, has as much educational value as you allow it to. For example, television documentaries and sitcoms serve to reinforce or challenge societal norms and ideologies while reality television shows, in general, are intended to challenge long held beliefs and traditions. In contrast, Networks like as PBS and Nickelodeon educate young minds and the several hundred cable channels serve to support the education, whether easily apparent or trans[arentt, provided by the shows I've already mentioned as well as others.Therefore I would argue that television has significant educational value you only has to channel surf to se† that. It highly depends on what you watch. It used to be true that it had no educational value, when TV was nothing more than sit-coms and cartoons and soap operas. But, today you actually have educational options to television viewing. There's a number of different History channels, and The scienc e channel, just to name two that have very good, documentaries.News programming offers up political debates and commentaries, that we all need to hear and process. PBS has some good children's programming that teaches kids alot of valuable things. Personally I’d prefer to read than to learn anything from the television. Television focuses more on the visual aspect than the substantive. It pulls your mind in different directions. When you're reading, it's just you and the words, so I think you'd retain the material better than TV. It also depends on what you are watching and how much.I think if parents are afraid of their children watching too much television and not benefiting from it that they should monitor what their child watches. Make sure they know what the kid watches so that they know what the child is learning from it. Regulate television watching time and what is and what is not appropriate to watch. Watch together and talk about what the child watches and share the discussion. Most important of all, I think people should keep in mind that though television is tuned on for entertainment, it can also inform, enrich, and educate.

The Effect Of Bid Price Dispersion On Contracting ( Versus...

3.3 Effect of Bid Price Dispersion on Contracting (versus Contract Indecision) Due to the complex nature of IT services and the buyer’s lack of full knowledge of IT services, buyers in online labor markets face value uncertainty over how much to pay for an IT service in general (termed common value uncertainty) and how much to pay for the IT service from a particular freelancer (termed private value uncertainty). Because of the difficulty in assessing a freelancer’s true characteristics (e.g., skills, expertise, capacity, etc.), the buyer cannot precisely estimate the price of a particular freelancer for an IT service given his attributes (private value). However, it is feasible to infer the common value of an IT service based on the†¦show more content†¦Although the average of all freelancers’ bid prices, namely the estimate of the common value, is $80 in both scenarios, the dispersion in scenario (a) is larger than that in scenario (b). In scenario (b), all three freelancers bid a price very close to $80, which delivers a consist ent message to the buyer that the common value of the IT service is $80. Hence, the buyer is less uncertain to infer the common value as $80. In scenario (a), however, the three freelancers have very different bid prices, which makes a buyer more uncertain about the common value of the IT service ($80). In sum, a buyer will have higher (lower) common value uncertainty when bid price dispersion is high (low). We argue that the common value could serve as a practical benchmark to evaluate each freelancer’s bid price and infer how much more or less a buyer should pay a particular freelancer (to overcome private value uncertainty). Using our running example, in Scenario (a), the three bids’ prices ($40, $80, $120) are highly dispersed around the average of $80, and it will be very difficult for a buyer to evaluate any of these bids in terms of how much more or less she would need to pay a particular freelancer. Specifically, the lowest priced freelancer may deliver a low quality service, while the highest priced freelancer would reap the buyer’s potential surplus. In contrast, in Scenario (b) of the running